Cemex

Peruse the administration Focus on Cemex and afterward answer the accompanying inquiry: a. Which hypothetical clarification, or clarifications, of FDI best clarifies Cemex’s FDI? b. What worth does Cemex bring to a host economy? Would you be able to perceive any potential downsides of Cemex’s internal interest in an economy? c. Cemex has a solid inclination for procurement over greenfield adventures as a passage mode. Why? d. For what reason do you think Cemex chose to leave Indonesia in the wake of neglecting to oversee Semen Gresik? For what reason is lion's share control so essential to Cemex? e.Why do you think legislators in Indonesia attempted to square Cemex’s endeavor to deal with Semen Gresik? Do you think Indonesia’s eventual benefits were served by restricting Cemex’s FDI in the nation? Answer: a. The hypothesis that best clarifies Cemex’s remote direct venture (FDI) movement is that of disguise because of impediments of permitting or otherwise called the market defect approach. Cemex needed to grow on a level plane since it needed to lessen its dependence on its home market and give some solidness in the interest for their product.Also, they saw openings abroad and it could offer their assistance, which required structure individual associations with the wholesalers and the developers themselves. In conclusion they had invested a great deal of energy taking a shot at their data innovation framework that permitted them to control their gracefully and it was a piece of their upper hand. Because of their special plan of action, they would not have the option to get a similar incentive by permitting their business in this way they needed to disguise the business abroad and legitimately set up business abroad. b.

Reaching Adulthood Completing Human Developmental Stages Free Essays

The human advancement is an extremely perplexing yet captivating piece of our lives. We glance back at the point we previously recalled how youthful we were, the things we did that were so not quite the same as the things we do today. As a rule, we underestimate the phases where noteworthy measure of changes that molded us occurred. We will compose a custom article test on Arriving at Adulthood: Completing Human Developmental Stages or on the other hand any comparative theme just for you Request Now Our early stages and pre-school years show a lot of our prior perspectives and practices which became established as we become more established. Our condition assumed such a critical job in making us the manner in which we are today. As I have referenced in the main venture, we comprehend our being a male or a female when we understand the jobs and exercises connected to one’s sexual orientation. Indeed, even our folks direct how we should act or what toy to play and we get rebuffed by defying them. Furthermore, at this stage we build up an idea of what makes us cheerful or tragic, we can adjust to our condition and we abstain from doing things that would result to an ominous outcome. These things we experience during our prior years further affect the following phase of our lives. What we got a kick out of the chance to do, how well we can adjust to others, how we carry on or follow up on presentation to an improvement and so on proceed in our center youth and puberty years. The center youth sets us up for what we will look in our immaturity years, a similar way our early stages and pre-school years set us up for the later years. During our center youth and pre-adulthood, we are pushed into a lot of changes, regardless of whether intellectually, genuinely, socially and inwardly. We like to be free and to leave the familial circle that encompassed us when we were youthful. As far as I can tell, it was this time when I began making companions in school and in my neighborhood. I could likewise confront others who were not my age. This stage denotes the enlivening of subjective and enthusiastic parts of one individual. We figure out how to pass judgment on the individuals around us, to be interested of the things which we can only with significant effort comprehend, to feel various feelings that appeared to be so new. The incalculable and different encounters we experience during this stage further sharpen, change, impact or effect the manner in which we are. They make our character exceptional, shape our conduct and perspectives and build up our abilities. All that we have learned we apply to our current lives. Our early stages and pre-school years show a lot of our prior mentalities and practices which became established as we become more seasoned. Our condition assumed such a critical job in making us the manner in which we are today. As I have referenced in the primary venture, we comprehend our being a male or a female when we understand the jobs and exercises connected to one’s sexual orientation. Indeed, even our folks direct how we should act or what toy to play and we get rebuffed by resisting them. Also, at this stage we build up an idea of what makes us upbeat or tragic, we can adjust to our condition and we abstain from doing things that would result to an ominous outcome. These things we experience during our previous years further affect the following phase of our lives. What we got a kick out of the chance to do, how well we can adjust to others, how we carry on or follow up on introduction to a boost and so on proceed in our center youth and immaturity years. The center youth sets us up for what we will look in our puberty years, a similar way our outset and pre-school years set us up for the later years. During our center youth and puberty, we are pushed into a lot of changes, regardless of whether intellectually, truly, socially and inwardly. We like to be free and to leave the familial circle that encompassed us when we were youthful. As far as I can tell, it was this time when I began making companions in school and in my neighborhood. I could likewise confront others who were not my age. This stage denotes the enlivening of subjective and enthusiastic parts of one individual. We figure out how to pass judgment on the individuals around us, to be interested of the things which we can only with significant effort comprehend, to feel various feelings that appeared to be so new and to attempt things which provoke our interest. My interview’s specific experience shows this. He began utilizing precluded drugs during his puberty. This sort of deed roots from numerous variables, for example, family issues, feeling of inadequacy or social situation. Dale says that the entirety of his family’s consideration was on his more youthful sister, Mikaela. Regardless of how much good he does, his family doesn’t appear to take note. So what he did was include himself in things that would push him into difficulty, if just to stand out enough to be noticed. The endless and different encounters we experience during this stage further sharpen, change, impact or effect the manner in which we are. They make our character extraordinary, shape our conduct and perspectives and build up our aptitudes. All that we have learned we apply to our current lives. Changes and wonder in center youth, as noted in my first task, are venturing stones for the puberty; changes and marvel in immaturity, as noted in my subsequent undertaking, are groundwork for adulthood. Adulthood Adulthood is an unsafe and troublesome excursion for some individuals to take, and not only a goal of security and wellbeing that we reach for the last time. It is a reference point from which other life stages are judged. The encounters which became engraved in our recollections and the self convictions and social measures that we include shaped inside ourselves influence us in our current activities and how we see ourselves. In any case, these convictions and gauges change when we are presented to various improvements or circumstance. At this stage, I would already be able to anticipate my own future, in what is called self-construction. These are the layouts of our future, and they mention to us what we can be following quite a while, what our profession would be and so forth. In any case, I ask myself, what will I be truly in the following years? Since I would not have the option to respond to this inquiry, I have talked with Emelita Sacra, a 49-year-old single parent and as of now taking over as line pioneer and quality control official in an article of clothing partnership. She was isolated from her better half, yet she figures out how to bring up her little girl well. Emelita used to fantasy about completing simply secondary school, since her family’s wellspring of business is scarcely enough for the 11 individuals from the family. She concentrated hard and in the long run earned a grant, her pass to school. However, her fantasy blurred when she decided to help her folks in meeting the family’s needs.â She had the option to send two of her kin to school, and that was sufficient for her regardless of whether she had relinquished her own fantasy. This shows what she urgently needed before was set aside by the development of a progressively significant circumstance. She said that however there were numerous occasions throughout her life which influenced her, lone scarcely any qualities and interests changed. Some of which were the natural things she needed previously, for example, garments, beauty care products and recreation minutes. Be that as it may, presently, these things became insignificant in light of the fact that her little girl turned into her need. Her circumstance presently is a long ways from her circumstance previously. Since her little girl is in school, she needs to try sincerely and limit the extravagances of life. Each extra time was spent doing additional attempts to have the option to accommodate her lone kid. At the point when she was a young person, all that made a difference was helping her family to acquire cash and send the kids to class. Presently, what is important is bringing up her girl well and giving her instruction. This disposition is better clarified by Jean Piaget’s generativity, wherein Emelita thinks about the fate of her girl rather than her own life. Emelita says that the qualities she gained from her more youthful years didn’t change a lot. With regards to the ethical angle, not all that much, however a few things were included. She ingrained to her little girl the virtues her folks instructed her. Essentially, when we arrive at the adulthood stage, as I saw my interviewee, there are changes in our self idea. For instance, we may have low self viability previously, which is our ability in achieving things. But since we have experienced numerous things, and we had the option to bear the torments and issues of life, we have expanded our self viability considering the way that we are more seasoned than previously, we could deal with and improve now. Another case of self idea that had changed during our adulthood years is the mindfulness. Grown-ups will in general be increasingly engaged and know about their duties at their age. For instance, my interviewee got mindful of her job as a mother and father exclusively to her girl. Beside that, she likewise got mindful of her needs in the here and now thought about previously. Now throughout everyday life, the vast majority have become developed, with regards to how they should act, how they ought to be, and what they ought to do. For the most part, loads of things have made their commitment to every one of stages throughout everyday life. A few factors that may influence every life stage are inborn and quality factor. Organically, this could truly occur, with the end goal that our conduct and character could be credited to the inborn possibilities of ourselves. Nonetheless, we were unable to deny the way that the condition that we are living in has contributed large changes in our lives, however more explicitly, in ourselves. Those outside components are the ones we experience during our early stages stage to youth, at that point youthfulness stage, and in conclusion adulthood stage. The occasions in our regular daily existences have effects with the end goal that, we don't know that those occasions formed us into what are presently, and what we will be sooner rather than later. Along these lines, the human advancement is a horrendous way, on the off chance that we will think about all the subtleties. However, we could state that human improvement resembles a transform procedure of butterfly. The main contrast is that, the butterfly would without a doubt fly on the off chance that it comes out from the pupae, however each

What Serotonin Is and How It Regulates Body Functions

What Serotonin Is and How It Regulates Body Functions Theories Biological Psychology Print How Serotonin Regulates Body Functions By Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD, is a clinical psychologist and associate professor of psychology at Eastern Connecticut State University. Learn about our editorial policy Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Daniel B. Block, MD on January 27, 2020 twitter linkedin Daniel B. Block, MD, is an award-winning, board-certified psychiatrist who operates a private practice in Pennsylvania. Learn about our Medical Review Board Daniel B. Block, MD Updated on February 10, 2020 Jamie Garbutt / Getty Images More in Theories Biological Psychology Behavioral Psychology Cognitive Psychology Developmental Psychology Personality Psychology Social Psychology Psychosocial Psychology Serotonin (sometimes called 5-HT because of its chemical name, 5-hydroxytryptamine) is a substance that occurs naturally in your body.  As a neurotransmitter, serotonin carries signals along and between nerve cells (called neurons).  It’s found mainly in your intestines but also in your central nervous system (CNS), which includes your brain and your blood platelets. What Serotonin Does in Your Body Serotonin appears to affect and/or regulate a number of body functions, including the following. Mood You could think of serotonins effects in your brain as its “starring role” in your body. Widely known for playing a major part in regulating moods, serotonin has been called the bodys natural feel-good chemical, because its involved in your sense of well-being. Digestion Serotonin plays a role in your bowel function as well as in reducing your appetite as you eat. In addition, your intestines produce more serotonin if you eat something that’s irritating or toxic to your digestive system. The extra serotonin helps move the affected food along so it’s expelled from your body more quickly. Blood Clotting The platelet cells in your blood release serotonin when you have any kind of tissue damage, such as a cut. This results in vasoconstrictionâ€"a narrowing of the tiny arteries, or arterioles, in your circulatory systemâ€"which slows your blood flow as part of the blood-clotting process. Bone Density Studies have shown that bone density and serotonin are linkedâ€"specifically, high circulating levels of serotonin in the gut may be associated with osteoporosis. In fact, research suggests that antidepressants, specifically selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are associated with decreased bone mineral density and increased fracture risk. This isnt a reason to stop taking your SSRI, but rather, to have a conversation with your physician, especially if you have other risk factors, such as existing osteoporosis, a family history, or you smoke. Sexual Function The increase in sexual desire that can accompany alcohol intoxication is believed to be due to low serotonin levels. On the other hand, decreased sexual desire can occur in people taking medications that produce higher-than-normal serotonin levels. However, that’s only true when your serotonin level is within the normal range.  What happens when it’s low? Perhaps the best-known condition believed to be associated with low serotonin levels is depression. Not surprisingly, increasing serotonin levels with medication has become a major part of depression treatment. What Causes Low Serotonin While there’s no one cause of low serotonin levels, it’s typically one of two reasons: your body doesn’t produce enough, or your body isnt using it efficiently, which can be due to having fewer or faulty serotonin receptors or breaking down and absorbing serotonin too quickly. Nutritional and vitamin deficiencies may also play a part. Low levels of vitamin B6 and vitamin D have also been linked to low levels of serotonin. Tryptophan is an essential amino acid that must be obtained through the diet in order to produce serotonin. What Does Low Serotonin Feel Like? Medications for Depression That Affect Serotonin Depression is associated with chemical imbalances in the brain, including low levels of serotonin (among others).  Increasing the amount of serotonin in the brain appears to help brain cells communicate, which has the effect of reducing depression symptoms and improving mood. This finding is the basis for many drugs used in the treatment of clinical depression and other mood disorders. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) One group of serotonin-based medications  called selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) is used to reduce the symptoms of moderate to severe depression by increasing the level of serotonin in the brain. SSRIs are the most commonly prescribed antidepressants worldwide. When your brain cells send signals, they release neurotransmitters like serotonin. To send the next signal, your cells must reabsorb and recycle the neurotransmitter they released in a process called reuptake. SSRIs help make more serotonin available in the brain by blocking that reuptake process. Examples of SSRIs include: Prozac (fluoxetine)Paxil (paroxetine)Zoloft (sertraline)Celexa (citalopram)Luvox (fluvoxamine)Lexapro (escitalopram)Viibryd (vilazodone) Viibryd is NOT just an SSRI, but also a 5HT-1a partial agonist so it is not classified as purely an SSRI Trintellix is a similar drug. Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs) Another group of serotonin-based medications for treating depression are known as serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs). They work similarly to SSRIs in that they block the reuptake of serotonin, but they also work on norepinephrine, another neurotransmitter implicated in mood. As such, they are sometimes referred to as “dual-acting antidepressants.” Examples of SNRIs include: Effexor (venlafaxine)Cymbalta (duloxetine)Pristiq (desvenlafaxine)Fetzima (levomilnacipran) Tricyclics (TCAs) and Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs) Two older types of antidepressants, tricyclics (TCAs) and monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), also affect serotonin levels. However, they are prescribed less often today because their side effects are more problematic than those of SSRIs and SNRIs. TCAs appear to block the reabsorption of serotonin and epinephrine which effectively increases the amounts available in the brain. Examples of TCAs include: Elavil (amitriptyline)Norpramin (desipramine)Asendin (amoxapine)Anafranil (clomipramine)Pamelor (nortriptyline)Tofranil (imipramine)Vivactil (protriptyline)Surmontil (trimipramine)Sinequan (doxepin) MAOIs, on the other hand, block the effects of the monoamine oxidase enzyme which breaks down serotonin, epinephrine, and dopamine. By stopping the enzyme from breaking these neurotransmitters down, it effectively increases the amount available in the brain. Examples of MAOIs include: Marplan (isocarboxazid)Parnate (tranylcypromine)Nardil (phenelzine)Azilect (rasagiline)Emsam (selegiline) How to Increase Serotonin Naturally These medications aren’t the only way to increase available serotonin. In fact, there are many ways to boost your levels naturally. Your Diet Many of the foods we eat naturally contain serotonin or other key nutrients, including tryptophan, vitamin B6, vitamin D, and omega-3 fatty acids, which the body needs to produce the neurotransmitter. A few good sources include: BananasTurkeyEggsOily, fatty, fish (salmon, tuna, mackerel)  Nuts and seeds (walnuts and  flaxseed)Beans (chickpeas, kidney, pinto, black beans)Leafy greens (spinach or kale)Probiotic/fermented foods  (kefir, yogurt, tofu) Eating a high fiber diet rich in vegetables and fruit can also help. These foods will help keep your friendly gut bacteria healthy, which in turn, can help boost serotonin levels in the body. 7 Foods That Improve Mood and Fight Depression Light Exposure Insufficient exposure to sunlight has also been associated with low levels of serotonin, which is why some people experience seasonal affective disorder (SAD) during the shorter, darker days of fall and winter. While light therapy is an option (particularly in areas with little to no sunlight), you can also spend 10 to 15 minutes outside in the sunlight each day. Doing so will work double-duty: Youll also get a boost of vitamin D, which plays a key role in serotonin production. Exercise Regular exercise has been proven to boost serotonin in your brain, and some say it works just as well as serotonin-based medications. How much and which type works best? The  Department of Health and Human Services  recommends at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity cardio exercise each week plus two days of strength training exercises for all adults. Its most important that you pick something you enjoy, so youre more apt to stick with it. Best Forms of Exercise to Improve Mood Massage Massage therapy has increasingly been used in the treatment of depression. This is because massage has been found to promote the release of serotonin and decrease the stress hormone cortisol. And you might not need a professional massage to reap the benefits. In a commonly cited study of pregnant women with depression published in the International Journal of Neuroscience, two 20-minute massage sessions given by their partners increased serotonin by 28% and dopamine by 31%. Supplements Research has found that people with low serotonin also have deficiencies in some nutrients, so you might consider supplementation: Pure tryptophanSAMe (S-adenosyl-L-methionine)5-HTPSt. Johns wortProbiotics Always talk to your doctor before taking any medication, supplement, or herbal remedy to treat low serotonin. Some medications and supplements can cause your serotonin levels to get too high, which can result in serotonin syndrome, also known as serotonin toxicity. Symptoms of serotonin syndrome can range from unpleasant to life-threating. If you or a loved one experiences severe symptoms of serotonin syndrome, including sudden swings in blood pressure, seizures, or losing consciousness, call 911 or head to the emergency room.

5 Tips to Help Minimize Eye Strain

A Business Plan For My Small Business - 2600 Words

This is a business plan for my small business called ‘ Molecule, The Modern Patisserie’. Molecule is a patisserie that has a combination of classic patisserie and a modern patisserie. The patisserie combines the techniques of classic techniques with modern methods, today’s culinary experience is all about preservation and knowledge and that what Molecule is all about. The Business plan will show Molecules mission statement, the tools that we will use, the competitive advantage to our competitors, the competitive market, the Marketing program and evaluation and control of the business. Mission Statement: ‘Molecule, The Modern Patisserie’ the idea behind Molecule was to revolutionize modern patisserie using modern techniques with classic recipes. Molecule is a patisserie that runs like any kitchen, but with desserts, we want to bring the customers closer to their desserts as to show them what goes into making these extraordinary items. People often get scared when they hear ingredients with big names or names that they cannot pronounce and that turns them off to trying and experimenting with these, but Molecule hopes to break this gap and create a bring. Molecules design is set up to create a relationship between the Chefs and the customer, a see through glass window from where customers can peep through and see what’s being done and how they are being done and the intricate details that goes into making of certain things. Molecule brings a combination of science and artShow MoreRelatedThe Key Elements Of A Successful Business1423 Words   |  6 Pagesto do my res earch in small business. I want to know what it takes to build a successful business. What are the skills needed to start a new business? What are some of the steps to building a business model and plan? I am working on getting my degree in business. 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Good Will Hunting Character Analysis Free Essays

string(115) " When an individual hears a song on the radio that they have never heard before, it makes sense to the individual\." Introduction Social- Cognitive theory believes that humans are individuals who are capable of proactively making things happen to assist in their own development (Parajes, 2002). In Good Will Hunting, Will Hunting did not believe that he was able to make a positive change in his life. Will is a prodigy, particularly in mathematics, who did not recognize his gift. We will write a custom essay sample on Good Will Hunting Character Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now He was born and raised in the slums, where he is now comfortable. He was abandoned by his parents and in and out of numerous foster homes. He experienced abuse and neglect in these homes. He was not only physically abused but also mentally and psychologically. His ability to solve complicated mathematical equations caught the eye of a professor at the university where Will was employed. These equations had taken geniuses years to solve. The professor immediately took a liking to Will and desired to help him see his worth. He wanted Will to move forward in life. Will was not interested. His past failures influenced his decisions (Pajares, 2002). After seeing that Will was not at all interested, the professor seeked the help of his friend, a therapist. The therapist used empathy to assists Will. Wills view on life was negative. He does not feel he deserves a better life. His therapist helped him develop ways to change his behavioral pattern (Glanz, Rimer Lewis, 2005). †¢Section 1: Character Personality Matrix †¢Theory †¢Major Components Structure Process Growth and Development Psychopathology Change 1. Social-Cognitive Theory In Social-Cognitive theory the mind contains schemas. Schemas are â€Å"preexisting ideas in the mind† (Pervin, Cervone Oliver, 2005). We use schemas to make sense of the chaos around us (Pervin et. al, 2005). In Good Will Hunting, Will Hunting was abused and endured a hard life. His knowledge kept him and helped him make sense of his crazy world. He secretly answers difficult math problems at MIT, where he works as a janitor. He demonstrates many different schemas. Will Hunting has a negative self-schema. He believes he is worthless and deserves nothing better than the â€Å"southie† life he has. He is extremely intelligent, which could take him to greater places in life, but he doesn’t feel he deserves it. He is scared of change and feels more comfortable in the world he grew up in. Will meets a girl who he falls in love with but will not allow himself to show her how he feels. He didn’t want to accept her love for him because he felt he did not deserve it. Self-discrepancies have to be resolved to avoid conflict in one’s self (Higgins, 1999). Growth and development occurs through observing and direct experience. Will was in need of therapy. He met with many therapists who were not able to connect with him. The choice of therapy used by these therapists was not effective. Will’s issues stemmed from â€Å"distorted, incorrect and maladaptive cognitions concerning the self, others and events in the world† (Pervin et. al, p. 322, 2005). The one therapist that was able to eventually connect with Will was able to help him replace his maladaptive cognitions with realistic thoughts. This therapy is called Rational emotive-therapy (RET). Will was asked how he felt about different situations and what he said to himself. Cognitive Therapy was also used. Will’s therapist told him about his relationship with his wife and the positive outcome of letting go and falling in love. This was something that Will was not accustomed to. Will was able to make changes in his life with the help of his therapy. He finally realized that he did not have to remain in the situation he was in. He finally accepted the fact that the negative things that affected his life were not his fault. In the end he accepted the love of a woman by leaving his hometown and following her to an unfamiliar place. He also now had the confidence to take on whatever employment or career that would come his way. 2. Rogers’ Theory Rogers’ phenomenological theory states that an individual tries to behave in the way that is consistent with their own structure (Pervin et. al, 2005). Will sees himself as a â€Å"southie†, a loser. To maintain congruence between his self-view and his experiences his acts out. He starts fights and stays in trouble. He doesn’t seek anything better for himself. In Rogers’ theory an individual strives for self-actualization. Will is brilliant and has knowledge about many topics. He reads a lot to keep himself knowledgeable. He answers difficult math problems that are put on a board at MIT, where he works as a janitor. In trying to maintain congruence between his self-view and his experiences he does not trust anyone. When someone tries to get close and help him he denies needing help. Will is defensive towards everyone he comes in contact with. He experiences incongruence with his cockiness of being smarter than most but he doesn’t feel he deserves better than living as a nobody. Will’s ability to push all his therapists and his girlfriend away shows his defensiveness. He keeps this tough boy attitude to make others not want to care about him because no one ever has. Rogers’ pathology includes defensive maintenance of self (Pervin et al. , 2005). Will’s therapist was concerned about Will and took an â€Å"active role in understanding the experiences of the client† (Pervin et al, p. 198, 2005). This therapy is called Client-Centered Therapy. The therapist doesn’t try to change Will but accepts him as he is. Will eventually changes by embracing his new found relationship with his girlfriend and realizes his potential. Section 2: Application of Personality Theory †¢Theory Description and Rationale Social-Cognitive Theory (SCT) is the theory that describes hoe behavior is learned. SCT helps to determine how and why an individual behaves and thinks a certain way. The main idea of social-cognitive theory is that everyone deve lops their own schemas based on their experiences in life. â€Å"Schemas are knowledge structures that guide and organize the processing of information† (Capuzzi Gross, 2005). When an individual hears a song on the radio that they have never heard before, it makes sense to the individual. You read "Good Will Hunting Character Analysis" in category "Essay examples" The individual has developed schemas has to how the music is supposed to sound (Pervin, Cervone John, 2005). We use schemas to make sense of our chaotic environment. In Good Will Hunting, the character Will Hunting came from a difficult and harsh environment. He lived his life based on these experiences. †¢Character Description Will Hunting is a young man who grew up in the slums of Boston. He went from foster home to foster home. In these homes he was abused and mistreated. He hung out with his closest friends, who are all trouble makers, below average knuckleheads. Yet, they were true and loyal to each other. Will, on the other hand, was a genius, a prodigy of math. He was determined not to let this side of him show. He stayed in and out of trouble with the law. He had no faith in himself. He possessed low self-efficacy, â€Å"a construct that reflects optimistic self- beliefs† (Lippke, Wiedemann, Ziegelman, Reuter Schwarzer, 2009, p. 522). He believed that the deprived life he lived was all he was worthy of. He purposely destroyed his relationship with his girlfriend once he felt her love for him. He thought himself to be unworthy of it. He developed a negative self- schema. †¢Character Analysis †¢Structure In Social-Cognitive theory the mind contains schemas. Schemas are â€Å"preexisting ideas in the mind† (Pervin, Cervone Oliver, 2005). We use schemas to make sense of the chaos around us (Pervin et. al, 2005). In Good Will Hunting, Will Hunting was abused and endured a hard life. His knowledge kept him and helped him make sense of his crazy world. He secretly answers difficult math problems at MIT, where he works as a janitor. He demonstrates many different schemas. †¢Process Will Hunting has a negative self-schema. He believes he is worthless and deserves nothing better than the â€Å"southie† life he has. He is extremely intelligent, which could take him to greater places in life, but he doesn’t feel he deserves it. He is scared of change and feels more comfortable in the world he grew up in. Will meets a girl who he falls in love with but will not allow himself to show her how he feels. He didn’t want to accept her love for him because he felt he did not deserve it. Self-discrepancies have to be resolved to avoid conflict in one’s self (Higgins, 1999). †¢Growth and Development Growth and development occurs through observing and direct experience. Examining how an individual views life will assist in the development. Determining why an individual behaves a certain way is necessary. The causes of events are called attributions, which involve a casual factor responsible for an observed event (Pervin et al. , 2005). Will constantly heard what a failure he was. It’s no surprise that he would believe that to be true. Will’s therapist tries to reverse the misconception. He constantly told Will how bright he was and how much he could achieve. Will could either change his thoughts of himself based on this new or continue to believe what he’s been told all his life. †¢Psychopathology Will was in need of therapy. He met with many therapists who were not able to connect with him. The choice of therapy used by these therapists was not effective. Will’s issues stemmed from â€Å"distorted, incorrect and maladaptive cognitions concerning the self, others and events in the world† (Pervin et. al, p. 322, 2005). The one therapist that was able to eventually connect with Will was able to help him replace his maladaptive cognitions with realistic thoughts (Corey Corey, 2007). This therapy is called rational emotive-therapy (RET). Will was asked how he felt about different situations and what he said to himself. Cognitive Therapy was also used. Will’s therapist told him about his relationship with his wife and the positive outcome of letting go and falling in love. This was something that Will was not accustomed to. †¢Change Will was able to make changes in his life with the help of his therapy. He finally realized that he did not have to remain in the situation he was in. He finally accepted the fact that the negative things that affected his life were not his fault. In the end he accepted the love of a woman by leaving his hometown and following her to an unfamiliar place. He also now had the confidence to take on whatever employment or career that would come his way. His expectations for himself were now higher. He was able to move forward and make positive changes in his life. †¢Internal and External Factors Internal and external factors shaped Will’s personality. He felt unwanted, unloved and abandoned due to not being raised by his own family. He went from foster home to foster home being abused in each one. He did not know how to love or how to receive it because love was never shown to him. These factors made him the young man he was. Will did not recognize his potential. According to Bandura (1997) people base their actions and level of motivation on what they tend to believe and not on what is true. The positive feedback and encouragement from Will’s therapist helped Will make a positive change. He constantly expressed to Will that he was worthy of having a good life and being loved. His best friend even tells him that he better not still be a â€Å"southie† fifty years from now. He let Will know that he saw the potential in him. Eventually Will made a break through after being told that everything negative that happened in his life was not his fault. He was able to embrace the positive things that were waiting for him. †¢Conclusion Use the BodyText Double style to type text in the conclusion. †¢Reference List Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: the exercise of control. New York: W. H. Freeman Pervin, L. A. , Cervone, D. , John, O. (2005). CST5214: Theories of personality (Custom). NY: Wiley. Pajares (2002). Overview of social cognitive theory and of self-efficacy. Retreived December 13, 2010, from http://www. emory. edu/EDUCATION/mfp/eff. html Glanz, K. , Rimer, B. K. Lewis, F. M. (2002). Health Behavior and Health Education. Theory, Research and Practice. San Francisco: Wiley Sons. Lippke, S. , Wiedemann, A. , Ziegelmann, J. , Reuter, T. Schwarzer, R. (2009). Self-Efficacy Moderates the mediation of intentions into behavior via plans. Ameriacn Journal of Health Behavior, 33(5), 521-529. Higgins, E. T. (1999). Persons or situations: Unique explanatory principles or variability in general principles? In D. Cervone Y. Shoda (Eds. ), the coherence of personality: Social-cognitive bases of consistency, variability, and organization (pp. 61-93). New York, NY, US: The Guilford Press Corey, M. Corey, G. (2007). Becoming a Helper 5th ed. Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole. How to cite Good Will Hunting Character Analysis, Essay examples

The design and implementation of sets of strategic human resource practices continues to lack coherence and consistency

Strategic human resource management and the concept of fit Strategic human resource management largely deals with how human resource needs can be strategically managed in an organisation in order to improve work output. It is a rather new approach and concept towards the management of human resource in comparison to technical human resource management (Fey Bjorkman, 2001).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The design and implementation of sets of ‘strategic’ human resource practices continues to lack coherence and consistency specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In addition, the basic function of strategic human resource management lies within the designation and implementation of quite a number of managerial policies within an organisation with a broad objective of ensuring that the available human resource management significantly contributes to the productivity of an organisation. When business strateg y is combined with the human resource management function, strategic human resource management would reflect a relatively resilient plan of not only utilizing human resource to the optimum but also driving an organisation towards a competitive edge. Nonetheless, a thorough understanding of strategic human resource management would not be complete unless the right application of the concept of fit is correctly applied. The concept of fit is primarily the process of melding the human resource function within the strategic goals of an organisation (Wei Lau, 2005). There are quite a number of conceptual illustrations that have demonstrated that the design and implementation of sets of strategic human resource practices may not be coherent at all owing to the fact that the concept of ‘fit’ has not been understood well. Realistically, the concept of fit and the strategic human resource management lays much emphasis in improving the capacity of a firm in responding to the ext ernal factors especially those related to the hiring and utilization of human resource. This paper attempts to explore the concept of fit and how this conceptual framework can be integrated well in strategic human resource management in a firm. To begin with, it is vital to explore the two types of fit as expounded in most strategic human resource literatures. As already mentioned, the concept of fit mainly helps in the process of utilizing human resource so that the goals and objectives of an organisation can be achieved. Indeed, this is a fundamental characteristic in strategic human resource management. This implies that an organisation may not achieve its set goals in human resource practices unless the concept of fit is not only understood well but also applied to the letter.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Two major types of fit can be applied in strategic human resour ce practices. Firstly, the horizontal fit is the compatibility and equality in pattern of various human resource management practices (Wei Lau, 2005). On the other hand, a vertical fit applies when human resource practices are aligned alongside with the process of strategic management of firm. In other words, a vertical fit would imply some form of crucial step taken by the human resource function in order to attain the goals and objectives of an organisation. It is attained by initiating certain practices that are congruent with human resource needs of a firm. When the right application of these resources is put in place, a horizontal fit is attained. As can be noted, strategic human resource practices may lack the right design and implementation if the two types of fit are not understood well due to the narrow distinction between them. One of the main factors that have contributed to the little understanding of the concept of fit is the fact that the theoretical background of the concept has not been explored to the letter. If a firm has to remain competitive, it implies that the deployment of human resource management within the confines of fit concept is paramount. When human resource practices are well arranged in a firm, it is highly likely that a firm will experience a positive impact in growth and profitability since human resource is the major driver in the performance of an organisation. Hence, implementation of both types of fit is vital. Some scholars in the field of human resource development argue that the linkage between human resource practices and business strategy alongside the application of the fit concept is relatively weak when compared to the relationship that exist within the human resource practices being exercised within an organisation (Bowen Ostroff, 2004). There are quite a number of human resource practices worth noting when human resource management is being considered under the concept of fit. For instance, the ability of an o rganization to attract and retain employees of high standards is paramount. Besides, the very employees ought to be placed in positions and working criteria that are appropriate as possible.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The design and implementation of sets of ‘strategic’ human resource practices continues to lack coherence and consistency specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Moreover, capacity building and training of employees so that they can deliver as per the expectations of a firm cannot be ignored at all. These ideals may never be implemented in a coherent manner if the concept of fit has not been understood to the letter. Hence, the human resource management practices in place within a firm should be systematic (Chan, Shaffer Snape, 2004). The effectiveness of any human resource management may be lowered substantially if each of the individual human resource practices is not given due attent ion. For instance, an employee who is intrinsically excellent cannot deliver to the expectations of a firm due to inadequate training. Besides, an employee will only be effective if the training background has compatibility with the needs of the organisation. On the same note, the concept of fit; whether of vertical or horizontal type would demand that employees be motivated over and above being trained so that they can feel to be part of the organisation. Employees who are not motivated, be it intrinsically or extrinsically, will perform below their natural potential. As a result, the desire to have strategic human resource management within a firm may just be a mirage and wishful thinking since the concept of fit has not been implemented in the right way. There are motivational theories which when well employed, will result into upward mobility in organizational growth and performance. for example, employees can be motivated through a well defined process of setting goals for the organisation. Studies have revealed that people tend to be motivated to work when there are certain goals to be achieved after a given period of time. This type of motivation is well explained by Locke’s goal setting theory (Osterman, 2000). At this point, it is undisputed that a firm can attain its short, medium and long term goals once they have been set. Nevertheless, it implies that employees will only be motivated when they are part and parcel of goal setting. Moreover, each group member within an organisation should be made to visualize the importance of the goals being set. In most cases, employees will not inject an additional effort if they have no clear idea on how the set goals are going to beneficial, not just to the organisation, they should also derive quantifiable benefits upon achieving the goals.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More A firm should work on myriad of projects that require employees who are motivated, resilient and competent enough. Goal setting as a way of motivating employees comes with its own cost if it is to be successful. Firstly, there are five core principles which human resource management should bear in mind for this theory to be fruitful: the set goals should be clear, challenging, demonstrate high level of task complexity, have a feedback system and also demonstrate commitment (Boxall Purcell, 2011). The congruency of a variety of human resource measures adopted by a firm largely depends on how the vertical fir has been applied. The strategies being pursued by an organisation should be well outlined under the vertical fit. It is against this backdrop that a firm may run into demand for creating a human resource platform that is consistent with its goals and objectives (Lado Wilson, 1994). Hence, the attainment of either the horizontal or vertical fit requires strict adherence to certa in factors. These factors are also known as determinants of fit and are helpful in boosting the performance of a firm. Therefore, the performance of a firm especially in line with strategic management of human resource is dependent on these determinants. First, there are factors that lie within the human resource functions namely the policy governing human resource development within a firm, the various options adopted by a firm when deploying human resource as well as budget allocation for human resource department in addition to investment plan adopted by the firm. It is vital to note that each of these human resource function factors significantly contribute to the overall fitness of a firm. For example, investment plan or budgetary allocation determines how well a firm will run financially. Any slight interference with the investment plan or budgetary needs of a firm will grossly affect the overall performance. The second cluster of the determinants of fit fall under personal fa ctors. It is commonplace for organizations to emphasize other factors that may improve profitability of a firm while at the same time underestimate or completely ignore the relevance of personal factors. One of such factors is the capability of human resource managers to affectively run the affairs of deploying workers. Ability and talent vary from one human resource manager to another. There are common elements which all managers will often posses. However, unique capabilities such as talent is a preserve of the few successful organizations frequently seek to not only hire experts from formal training, they also emphasize the need for talent consideration as part and parcel of improving human resource development. In addition to the abilities portrayed by both top and intermediate managers, employees in the lower levels in a firm should be considered when building a strong workforce. An organisation should make use of skills, knowledge and competences of its employees to the optimu m. Finally, there are firm level factors that significantly contribute to both vertical and horizontal fit. The nature of strategy adopted by a firm is crucial. A well enhanced business strategy will enable a business organisation to have the right direction and be able to know whether the business life is in the right path. In addition, values and cultures embraced by a firm are vital in accelerating growth and is an important component in strategic human resource management. Corporate culture refers to a belief system, a set of attitude that can be shared as well as normalities that are transmitted among the members of an organisation (Wei, 2006). Through the corporate culture, the acceptable conduct of employees is outlined. When an organizational culture is clear, every member is aware of their roles and responsibilities in addition to what they anticipate from the company. Hence, through the corporate culture, the image of the company can be visualized Change management within an organisation is also pertinent as part and parcel of both horizontal and vertical fit. This organizational component is a direct determinant of performance and unless it is strategically handled by human resource managers, business failure will be inevitable. Organisational change and management is a momentous practice that cannot be eluded by managers at any level of an organisational hierarchy. Although change may be resisted at the point of initiation, it is imperative to note that proper assessment of the changes being effected should be done so that optimum benefits are derived. Besides, the sentiments of the group being targeted by a given change should be noted keenly so that the very change is not substantially resisted to an extent that it fails to meet its goals. Organisational change has two important elements worth considering. The first important aspect is the organisational change management that is concerned with drawing people closer to the organisation in terms o f their hearty commitment towards achieving the mission and vision of the organisation (Bjorkman Fan, 2002). On the other hand, organisational design aims at restructuring the entire workforce within an organisation. This requires thorough engagement of human resource experts with the right knowledge. Although the relative importance of organisational change management is sometimes not given the seriousness it deserves, its impact on performance is enormous bearing in mind that the very change can be effected in all areas of operation such as in health and safety. References Bjorkman, I., Fan, X. (2002). Human resource management and the performance of western firms in China. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 13(6): 853-864. Bowen, D.E., Ostroff, C. (2004). Understanding HRM-firm performance linkages: The role of the ‘strength’ of the HRM system. Academy of Management Review, 29 (2), 203-221. Boxall, P Purcell, J. (2011). Strategy and Human Resourc e Management (3rd ed.), London: Palgrave Macmillan. Chan, L.L.M., Shaffer, M.A., Snape, E. (2004). In search of sustained competitive advantage: The impact of organizational culture, competitive strategy and human resource management practices on firm performance. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 15(1): 17-35. Fey, C.F., Bjorkman, I. (2001). The effect of human resource management practices on MNC subsidiary performance in Russia. Journal of International Business Studies, 32(1): 59-75. Lado, A.A., Wilson, M.C. (1994). Human resource systems and sustained competitive advantage: a competency-based perspective. Academy of Management Review, 19(4): 699-727. Osterman, P (2000). Work reorganization in an era of restructuring: trends in diffusion and impacts on employee welfare. Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 53(2): 179-196. Wei, L. (2006). Strategic Human Resource Management: Determinants of Fit, Research and Practice in Human Resource Management, 14(2): 49- 60. Wei, L.Q., Lau, C.M. (2005). Market orientation, HRM importance and HRM competency: Determinants of SHRM in Chinese firms. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 16(10): 1901-1918. This essay on The design and implementation of sets of ‘strategic’ human resource practices continues to lack coherence and consistency was written and submitted by user L1ndsey to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Pinterest Tips for Freelance Writers

Pinterest Tips for Freelance Writers Like many people, I used to see the social-networking site Pinterest as merely a place to show pictures of pretty clothes and yummy food. Yet the more I learned about the marketing possibilities of Pinterest, the more I realize that I (and you) can use Pinterest to boost freelancing income. First, understand the demographics. Youll reach lots of women. In fact, 80 percent of Pinterest users are women, according to Digital Marketing Ramblings. That means that if you write stuff popular with women, such as romance novels and health articles, you stand first in line. Then, use the boards to show facets of your career and life. For example, even though I have a board for my freelancing, I also pin pictures of food, fashion, cute male celebrities. If you head to my Pinterest account, youll see that I adore the actor Justin Theroux. I also like cupcakes. Pinterest Analytics, like Google Analytics, generates comprehensive statistics on a specific websites traffic, helping marketers in their campaigns. It collects data on the percentage of change within a specific time, determining whether a product becomes more or less popular, and it guides marketing agencies towards changing strategies to gain more popularity. Oftentimes, marketing agencies change the visual content of their pins to appeal to the Pinterest community. While only certain companies such as Salesforce and Hootsuite are given access to Pinterest Analytics data, you can use a rough version of analytics to figure out the popularity of your content. So if you start a board showing pins of your published writing, create pins that show writing that appeal to the mostly-female community. Youll become more popular pinning about a traditional recipe for chocolate-chip cookies than pinning about sports or other stuff that appeals mostly to men. Like Facebook and Twitter, Pinterest uses â€Å"following† and messaging to connect users to each other. In 2014, Pinterest introduced instant messaging, a faster way to share content. When one of your followers repins or like your pin, contact them directly. Your follower will appreciate your personal response and will potentially make your boards more popular among her own followers. Youll also find boards of fellow freelance writers. For example, I went to Google and typed in â€Å"Pinterest freelance writing boards.† One of the many results was a board for breaking into regional parenting magazines. I studied the content of this board and gained potential markets for my parenting articles. I also found boards on freelance writing tips, resources. To attract more traffic to your Pinterest platform, start a board full of your own tips. Repin and like the freelancing pins that you especially connect to. In 2015, Pinterest celebrates its fifth anniversary. Its grown from a home business with 5,000 users to a valuable resource for companies such as The Gap and political wives such as Ann Romney and Michelle Obama. Use some tactics from content strategists to take your freelancing to another level. Enclosed are several resources for freelance writers who also use Pinterest: Time names Pinterest.com one of the best websites of 2011 time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,2087815_2088159_2088155,00.html Pinterest more popular than LinkedIn, YouTube, and Google+ http://mashable.com/2012/02/01/pinterest-traffic-study/ Pinterest drums up more business that Facebook washingtonpost.com/business/technology/pinterest-vs-facebook-whose-users-spend-more/2012/05/09/gIQATXkoCU_story.html 140 Amazing Pinterest Stats http://expandedramblings.com/index.php/pinterest-stats/#.U5E-wpRdWzd The official website pinterest.com/

Pregnancy and Humans in Space

Pregnancy and Humans in Space No matter where they live, many people eventually end up having kids, even in some of the most out-of-the-way spots on the planet. But, will they be able to live and work in space and have children? Or on the Moon? Or on Mars? Humans being humans, they will very likely try. Whether they succeed or not depends on a lot of factors. One vision of Mars habitats that will provide shelter for astronauts as they learn to explore the planet. Eventually, they could be raising families on the Red Planet, in more extensive habitats that may well be underground. What will those children be like?. NASA As humans prepare for a future off Earth, mission planners are finding answers to a number of questions about long-term space residency. One of the most perplexing is Can women get pregnant in space? Its a fair one to ask since the future of humans in space depends on our ability to reproduce out there. Is Pregnancy Possible in Space? The technical answer to that question is: yes, its possible to become pregnant in space. Theres nothing known about being in space that would prevent egg and sperm from uniting to make a baby. Of course, a woman and her partner need to be able to actually have  sex in space  in order to for those cells to get together in the first place. Additionally,  both she and her partner must  be fertile. Cycles infertility can be checked, and the mom and dad could then choose the right time to make that space baby. However, theres more required than doing the deed. It turns out there are significant other hurdles that stand in the way of having what it takes to make a baby and then  remaining pregnant once fertilization takes place. Barriers to Child-bearing in Space The primary problems with becoming and remaining pregnant in space are radiation and low-gravity environments. Its important to understand both.  Ã‚   The Moon has practically no atmosphere and no way to filter out harmful radiation. Humans living there would face some radiation danger from solar particles and cosmic rays. This could have a profound effect on a couples ability to start a family.   NASA Radiation can affect a mans sperm count, rendering him infertile, possibly permanently. It can also harm a developing fetus. Radiation hazards exist here on Earth, too, as anyone who has taken a medical x-ray or who works in a high-radiation environment knows. Its why both men and women are usually supplied with protective aprons when they get x-rays or other diagnostic work. The idea is to keep stray radiation from interfering with egg and sperm production. Once an embryo is created, its subject to the same radiation dangers as the mother. Conditions that Could Interfere with Pregnancy Lets say that conception happens after a couple gets together on the space station or during a trip to Mars or even after they land on the Red Planet. The radiation environment in space (or on Mars) is severe enough that it would prevent cells in the fetus from replicating. Thus, no baby would be brought to term.   Mars has a thicker atmosphere than the Moon, but it still is not enough to shield humans from radiation. This is another place where humans could face difficulties conceiving and birthing children. Credit:NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS In addition to the high radiation, astronauts live and work in very low-gravity environments. The exact effects are still being studied in detail on lab animals (such as rats). However, its very clear that a gravity environment is needed for proper bone development and growth. When astronaut Scott Kelly (and others) spent long periods on the International Space Station,  they showed significant changes in their health. Similar issues could affect a developing fetus. Such atrophy is why astronauts have to exercise in space regularly in order to prevent muscle atrophy and loss of bone mass. A growing embryo or fetus could be permanently altered, right down to the DNA. Solutions to the Radiation Problem Clearly, if people are to venture out into space on a more permanent basis (like extended trips to Mars) radiation hazards need to be minimized, not just for the adults but for any possible children born on the trips.  But how to do that? Astronauts taking extended trips into space will be on ships that are likely not to provide the heaviest radiation shielding. Once they get to Mars, for example, theyll be subjected to a lot of radiation on the surface that is not stopped by the thin atmosphere. Also, the lower gravity on Mars (and on the Moon, for those who migrate there), will be an issue.   The Orion crew capsule (shown here in water recovery testing) is a typical crew-carrying spacecraft that is shielded to protect astronauts from most radiation. Special precautions and materials must be used to protect crew members. Future spacecraft will need similar protective environments. NASA   So if permanent residencies are ever going to exist on Mars or the Moon, like those proposed by Dr. Mae Jemison for the  Hundred-year Starship, then better shielding technology would have to be developed. Since NASA is already thinking of solutions to these problems, its likely that radiation will cease to become as big a threat as it is now. Overcoming the Gravity Problem The problem of a lower gravity environment may be more difficult to overcome if humans are to successfully reproduce in space. Life in low gravity affects a number of body systems, including muscular development and eyesight. So, it may be necessary to supply an artificial gravity environment in space to mimic what humans evolved to expect here on Earth. The good news is there are some spacecraft designs in the pipeline, like the Nautilus-X, that employ artificial gravity designs. These use centrifuges that would allow for at least a partial gravity environment on part of the ship. Anyone who has ridden a ride such as the Mission Space experience at Disney Worlds EPCOT center has felt the gravitational effects that a centrifuge can supply.   The problem with such designs is that they cant yet replicate a full gravity environment, and even then occupants would be constrained to one part of the ship located in the centrifuge. This would be difficult to manage. Further exacerbating the problem is fact that the spacecraft needs to land. So what do people do once on the ground in a low-gravity environment on a place like Mars? The Future in Space: No Kids in Space Yet Ultimately, the long-term solution to the problem is the development of anti-gravity technology. Such devices are still a long way off. However, if spaceship technology could somehow manipulate gravity then it would create an environment where a woman could carry a fetus to term. Until that is a possibility, humans going to space currently are very likely using birth control to prevent stillbirths and miscarriages. If they are having sex, its a well-kept secret. But there have been no known pregnancies in space.   Nonetheless, humans will have to face a future that includes space-born and Mars- or Moon-born children. These people will be perfectly adapted to their homes, and oddly enough- the Earth environment will be alien to them. It will certainly be a very brave and interesting new period in human history!   Edited and updated by Carolyn Collins Petersen.

The Crown of Palaces Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Crown of Palaces - Essay Example The significance of Taj Mahal lies in the fact that, the building is a piece of art which has surpassed all boundaries of calligraphy and symbolic beauty. . The monument depicts the art and culture of multiple Asian ethnicity and architectural elements of it is worth exploring technically and artistically. The paper will specifically examine the structure of tomb and the architectural sophistication and elements involved in it. I will be exploring the historical value of the monument along with its constructional method, structural design planning .and the intelligence behind it. Taj Mahal is the most beautiful and extravagant construction of Mughal empire. Taj Mahal as all know is the eighth wonder of the world and the western world still look at it as a mysteriously exquisite human creation. It is said that, during day and night, Taj reflects different colors according to the brilliance of sun and moon. Taj Mahal is believed to look most stunning during the dawn and sunset time. Ea ch corner of this mausoleum has a symbolic meaning and it represented the palaces of Queens of Mughal dynasty. Taj Mahal is a part of UNESCO heritage site and invites around 2,00,000 foreigners to the country annually. This monument is not only the resting place of Mumtaz but also is the burial place of emperor Shahjahan. Taj Mahal and its architectural journey The Gateway The architecture of Taj Mahal is the finest and most charming one that the world history has seen since centuries. This building of Mughal empire has evoked, passion, mystery and inspiration among artists, architects and poets. Looking from the perspective of architectural world, Taj Mahal is a unique piece of work that gives ample space to explore and investigate regarding. The Taj Mahal is built in 42 acres of land positioning from south to north toward prestigious Indian river Yamuna. The entire Taj building consists of five constituents namely main entrance, mosque, garden, rest house, main mausoleum . Main at traction of this monument is the gateway standing at the end of water course which has Quranic calligraphy embedded on it. Apart from this, the doomed chamber of Taj Mahal which is the point of attraction was constructed in early 20th century. The gateway of sandstone has a gate constructed with pure solid silver which adds to the prowess of Mughal Empire. This door prevented the public from getting any view of the tomb until the public arrives at door itself. The main gateway of this monument is built with black stone where calligraphy of Quranic verses is sculptured. This exquisite calligraphy is the effort and skillsmanship of various artists of Shahjahan rulership.The geometrical pattern of the gate way is vertical in symmetry and depicts the elegance and extravagance of Mughal empire. The Calligraphy of Taj Mahal The calligraphy of Taj mahal is of symbolic beauty and reflects the dignity and craftsmanship of Islamic era. The Arabic inscriptions on Taj Mahal is connected to Pers ian calligrapher Amanat Khan who was resident of the Mughal court These Arabic inscription are on black marble and writings are in vertical and horizontal strokes give out grid like appearance. As per

Moral Issues In Business Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Moral Issues In Business - Research Paper Example Moral Issues In Business Amazon’s product-service has two components: a service component and a product component. The service component has a product-service mix width of two, since the company provides two types of services: provides customers with easy access to online purchases of goods at a fee; and provides sellers with an online platform to sell their goods and services through Amazon’s library of software. The product component of Amazon’s product-service mix has a very large width that is undeterminable since the company provides customers with almost all types of products. Similarly, the length, depth and consistency of the product mix are indeterminately large (Griffin, 626). Some aspects of Amazon’s operations are characteristic of a manufacturing organization while some are characteristic of those of a service organization. The manufacturing aspects are manifest in the company’s library of software. Although Amazon provides this software for free to merchants and independent programmers, it charges a fee when these users use the software to sell their products and services through Amazon. Amazon’s operations that are characteristic of a service organization include the online platform it provides to its customers, which enables them to purchase goods through a simple mouse click. What I have read in real life for the Americans is that as a result of wealth accumulation under control by a few, the interest of laborers in the USA gets less attention and importance to the business entities. Since the interest of capitalism is profits and it relies on supply and demand, the management of an enterprise seeks out ways and means to lower labor costs in order to make its products and/or services more competitive.

Radio and Media Policy :: essays research papers fc

Some may ask why care about the radio and media (radio) policy? Because the radio shapes our views on the issues that we care most about. All our opinions are formed by information — and while some of that information may come from personal experience, we get much of what we know from the (radio). There must not be a deregulation; it would be detrimental to us all. Toomey’s argument is that radio is a community resource that is being misused, and she is a making a call to action for people to get involved with restoring that resource. According to Billboard Bulletins, one of the most important arguments presented by those opposing the deregulation, a letter signed by 30 major recording artists was sent to Michael Powell, chairman of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). The letter is in response to probable FCC plans to eradicate remaining cross-ownership rules. The letter warns Powell that further deregulation of the radio industry will have a negative impact on access to diverse viewpoints and will impede the functioning of our democracy. The artists say that previous radio deregulation has backfired, resulting in reduced marketplace competition, reduced programming diversity and the homogenization of play lists, reduced public access to the airwaves for local programming, and reduced public satisfaction with listening options.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Deregulating the industry will decrease the amount of market place competition. There is little proof that any deregulation of the industry has ever lead to increased market competition. Common sense says that there is really no way decreasing the number of competitors on the market will increase competition. According to the Chicago Maroon this possible deregulation stands to abolish six key rules on media ownership limits, including a newspaper/television cross-ownership rule (no firm can own a newspaper and TV station in the same market), a cap on radio ownership (no firm can own more than 8 radio stations in a single market), and a cap on TV network ownership (no firm can own more than one of the four major TV networks). Removing any or all of these rules would likely unleash a huge wave of consolidation of commercial media firms and make our schlock-driven and commercially-saturated mass media yet more schlock-driven and commercially-saturated. There can only be few who want this deregulation to take place, the owners and shareholders of these billion dollar companies who want to fill their pockets even more full.

Biblical Counseling

In the field of counselling, the primary considerations that those in the field who are practicing directly or indirectly have something to do with the previously held belief system, or the worldview or philosophy behind the notion of human behaviour. This goes to say that one who ventures into the business of healing and curing emotions and psychological problems must get into a thorough understanding of his/her personal approach to the study of human behaviour.The counselor seeks to explain human nature, the issue of sin or prbably emphasizing or reducing the Scriptural mandate and God’s verdict (whichever side he/she is on), and which eventually dictates intervention strategies, if any. The basic counselling idea common to or held by most psychologists increases the likelihood that the biblical understanding can be very challenging to get into, much less, practice. It is even bold as to say that counselling in whatever front is basically â€Å"religious† in nature be cause in the end, what is upheld or emphasized by the counselor expresses deep-rooted philosophy or religious beliefs.The paper’s assumption then is to provide an impetus that â€Å"sells† biblical counselling as superior, efficacious, and more attractive than the psychology models touted today. It tackles the presuppositions of both psychology and biblical counselling and the arguments in each of the specific aspects that are recognizable as valid or invalid. Discussion Counseling in the field of psychology and biblical counselling At best, psychology prefers to integrate counselling from biblical perspective as well as blend these with what is categorized as empirically tested techniques posited by psychologists.The basic way of doing the â€Å"amalgamation† or integration is that the Christian worldview takes precedence over the rest of the approaches. Although many of the concepts and premises of each theory mentioned are sound and at times efficacious, when it clashes with the faith-based theory, the former must give way to the latter. Interpreting a problem that a client suffers for instance, entails that the theoretical viewpoint that a practitioner is convinced with, expressly has better chances of properly understanding the maladjustments that the client had been suffering.To come up with the balanced worldview (an integration in other words), the balance between the realms mentioned, including the true frame of human individuals and the true nature of God (or theology) are properly considered. Thoroughly accepting the fact that there is no contest between the natural and the spiritual; only that troubles arise when one realm is overemphasized at the expense of another. This thin line or slight tension between the two levels is best expressed in the personhood of Jesus Christ, who was a perfect man as well as God.If a person starts to equate one self and others with that notion (which is usually happening) and he/she starts to thi nk that he/she is balanced, then this person surely lacks understanding or real self-awareness of the fact that he/she is deeply and seriously out of balance and this is one reason why he/she needs help. Christian counseling admittedly embraces in reality, a basic integration of the biblical precepts on the view of man and psychology’s scientific breakthroughs in addressing the dilemmas that beset human individuals.Depending on the persuasion of the practitioner, especially whether he or she comes from either the purely theological or â€Å"secular† preparation, Christian counseling can either lean to certain degrees of theology or psychology. According to Larry Crabb, â€Å"If psychology offers insights which will sharpen our counseling skills and increase our effectiveness, we want to know them. If all problems are at core spiritual matters we don’t want to neglect the critically necessary resources available through the Lord by a wrong emphasis on psychologi cal theory† (Crabb in Anderson et al, 2000).Dr. Crabb’s position certainly ensures that science in particular, has its place in counseling in as much as theology does. He made sure that all means are addressed as the counselor approaches his profession, especially in the actual conduction of both the diagnostic and therapeutic or intervention phases (Crabb in Anderson et al. , 2000). Trauma inducing and crisis triggering situations have spiraled its occurrence and in its primacy in the US and in many other countries in recent years.Its broad spectrum ranges from the national disaster category such as that of Hurricane Katrina or the 911 terrorist strikes in New York, Spain and England, to private instances such as a loved one’s attempt at suicide, the murder of a spouse or child, the beginning of mental illness, and the worsening situation of domestic violence (Teller et al, 2006). The acute crisis episode is a consequence of people who experience life-threatenin g events and feel overwhelmed with difficulty resolving the inner conflicts or anxiety that threaten their lives.They seek the help of counselors, paramedics and other health workers in crisis intervention centers to tide them over the acute episodes they are encountering. These are defining moments for people and must be adequately addressed else they lead lives with dysfunctional conduct patterns or disorders (Roberts et al, 2006). In the integrated or eclectic approach the goal of the therapy is not just relief to the patient or client. Although an immediate relief is very helpful, this may not always be the case in most illnesses.The goal as mentioned in the preceding pages is to provide long-term reduction of the symptoms and the occurrence of the disease altogether if possible. The management then is not impossible but neither is this easy. Specifically, the counselee or patient must want to heal or believe that there is going to be curative effects in the process. It presuppo ses that he/she must learn to trust the therapist in his/her capabilities as well in leading or facilitating the changes or modifications.It is very much essential that (in the perspective of a cognitive-behaviorist) that the client understands ownership to the deeds and choices in thought patterns he/she made are crucial to the recurring or occurring condition that s/he experiences (Rubinstein et al. , 2007; Corey, 2004). Basic Biblical Counseling Premises: †¢ View of human nature from psychological viewpoint Personality is more than poise, charm, or physical appearance. It includes habits, attitudes, and all the physical, emotional, social, religious and moral aspects that a person possesses.However, to be more precise, the explicit behavioral styles, perhaps, best captivate an individual’s personality and how he/she is understood. With the different behavioral styles, an overall pattern of various characteristics is seen. Like a â€Å"psychograph,† a personâ₠¬â„¢s profile is pulled together and at a glance, the individual can be compared with other people in terms of relative strengths and weaknesses (Corey 2005). Psychologists recognize there is often a fine line between mental health and mental illness. For them, it is important to understand that mental illnesses vary in their severity.For example, many adolescents suffered from various levels of anxiety or depression. Others have suffered from serious mental disorders with biological origins. Education about the adolescents` mental illness is vital for those with mental health problems as well as for the adolescents` friends and family (Corey 2005). The major force or forces responsible for the origin and development of an individual’s personality is best understood in the different perspectives. In the cognitive approach alone, it understands that an individual at varying times in his life has error-filled thinking patterns.These patterns may include wishful thinking, unreal istic expectations, constant reliving and living in the past or even beyond the present and into the future, and overgeneralizing. These habits lead to confusion, frustration and eventual constant disappointment. This therapeutic approach stresses or accentuates the rational or logical and positive worldview: a viewpoint that takes into consideration that we are problem-solvers, have options in life and not that we are always left with no choice as many people think.It also looks into the fact that because we do have options then there are many things that await someone who have had bad choices in the past, and therefore can look positively into the future. Cognitive-Behavioral approach â€Å"facilitates a collaborative relationship between the patient and therapist† (Ellis & Beck in Corey, 2004). For the Cognitive Behaviorist viewpoint, issues are dealt directly in a practical way. Here the client is enlightened as to the patterns of his thinking and the errors of these thou ghts which bore fruit in his attitudes and behavior.His/her thoughts and beliefs have connections on his/her behavior and must therefore be â€Å"reorganized. † For instance, the ways that a client looks at an issue of his/her life will direct the path of his reactivity to the issue. When corrected at this level, the behavior follows automatically (Rubinstein et al. , 2007; Corey, 2004). The systems theory portion of the therapy indicates that whatever is occurring or happening is not isolated but is a working part of a bigger context.In the family systems approach then, no individual person can be understood when removed from his relationships whether in the present or past, and this is specially focused on the family he belongs to (Rubinstein et al. , 2007; Corey, 2004). The Existential approach, as put forward by Nietzsche, Kierkegaard, Sartre, Heidegger, Rollo May, and Frankl, believes that the individual’s potential may lie dormant but that it is there waiting to be ushered in time.It recognizes that man is able to achieve great heights and that these are just waiting to be tapped not only by him/herself but that also when helped by a practitioner who is persuaded of this notion. It examines such major issues as free will and the challenges of exercising this free will, the issue of mortality, loneliness and in general, the meaning of life. That Cognitive-Behavioral, Existential, humanistic & Family Systems eclectic approach primarily involves the incorporation of distinct concepts within a single framework. †¢ Human Suffering I. Origin of SufferingSuffering is one of the symptoms of this life’s abnormality. If not for the revelation found in the Bible, there would be no other option but to accept the state of affairs in life as it is. This means that since suffering has been a part of the history of humanity, it has to be accepted as part and parcel of a normal life. However, looking at it in a biblical perspective, although suf fering is part of the human existence in this world, the fact of the matter is: it has not always been a part of life. It came into the picture only after the fall of the first couple – Adam and Eve.The Bible is clear about this, as stated in Romans 5:12 and in many other passages found in the Holy Writ. This biblical truth is important, foundational, and essential in dealing with many questions regarding suffering – and in particular, as philanthropists and charitable organizations endeavor to alleviate suffering on the children of Africa. Presently, the bleak outlook being presented pertaining to African children today are presented in two potentially devastating outcomes which might happen as results of the already destructive current crisis. The first one is the prospect (according to researchers) of death by the millions.An organization which aims to help the suffering children of Africa has estimated that by the year 2025, an estimated number of people as enormou s as 85 million may die because HIV/AIDS crisis (Blake, 2006). Second is, the inevitable outcome which will take place as the direct result of the first – children being orphaned because of the projected genocidal death toll at 2025. The same organization calculated that on that same year, 55 million children might have been orphans already. Nations and governments and charitable organizations have been mobilized ever since to help these human disasters and all of the possible ramifications.Although, evil as it manifests in many forms in life has been here already for centuries, and perhaps, as early as recorded histories could recall, the current crisis of AIDS in African continent is the most recent form of lashing. It has to be noted, lest the focus gets sidetracked to different issues which are at best symptoms of the real disease, that all of the troubles that have been pestering the existence of man on this planet are just necessary effects of sin and rebellion against God.It is to be noted though that it is never the intention of this paper to aggravate the sufferings of African people by putting the blame on them or by making them feel worse than what they are now. As was stated early on, at the heart of this thesis is the objective to help by elucidating on the true predicament of man’s existence by pointing out that which is biblical, or the biblical diagnosis on things. It really helps and better prepares the sick person to face his/her true condition by first properly diagnosing the illness.It doesn’t help if the mind continues to be in a state of uncertainty and fear because it is sure of something which could be fatal. Also, it will not help keeping the real problem under the sheets, all along hoping that it will just leave by itself, because it will not. And so, the Bible is crucially significant in addressing the issue of evil and suffering. 1. ) Death Came As A Result Of Sin. Nothing threatens the prospect of a good life t han the possibility of an imminent death.A positive vista of life – happy family, burgeoning business, and flourishing career – is easily clouded by fear when suddenly something final as death comes into the scene. Death is seen as the ultimate because it can put a period on the otherwise happy and full of promise subsistence. One theologian explained the statement of Apostle Paul in Romans 5:12 in a way that points to sin as the real culprit why there are pain, sickness, and weakness in man’s physical body. He said, in effect that, had it not been for Adam’s sin there would be no sickness in the world in the first place.Remember that death is the maturity of weakness and sickness in the body. All illnesses lead to eventual death. What the Bible is telling us about sickness, weakness, and any form of suffering endured in the body – whether mental or physical suffering – result inevitably to physical death. And the reality of death in this li fe was occasioned by the original sin of the first couple, Adam and Eve. Succeeding, generations after the first couple of humans, inherited sin as well as its product – death (Duffield and Van Cleave, 1987). It is also important to note that sin not only occasioned death, but it is its necessary outcome.The unanimous observation of many students of the Bible based on the narrative accounts as well as how it is described in certain passages of biblical books is that death is spiritual as also it is physical. The first time it hits humans, the first and immediate effect was spiritual in that it did not resulted in the first couple’s physical death. This spiritual death is actually more devastating than physical death because it altered everything within the human frame that it has set into motion a strong pull towards wrong directions.First, it separated man from God. It is the reason why man cannot respond to the things of God. As a dead body has no capacity for any re sponses to its surrounding whatsoever because it is dead, so is a man who is physically alive but is spiritually dead. A person who is spiritually dead does not and cannot respond to God and the things of God. As one preacher said when told by a cynic among his audience that he doesn’t feel the burden of sin in his life like what the preacher was trying to convey in his message.To that, the preacher wisely answered, â€Å"As a dead couldn’t feel a ton of garbage when placed on that body, so is the burden of sin to a spiritually dead person. † That’s why when Apostle Paul elaborated to the Romans the depravity of man, he zoomed in to the fact that at present, because humanity has chosen to abandon God – and the proof of it has affected all aspects of the human existence – God also had to leave humanity alone in its decision to leave the reality of God out of its thoughts and actions. The whole scenario is sobering especially when the Biblical perspective on this is considered.It’s very easy and normal to leave God out of the picture, and it’s actually what people want essentially as it is looked at face value. Man has effectively abandoned God and has erased any traces of Him from the very start – from the birth of a baby in a home where belief in God is optional at best, and as that baby developed into childhood, and as that child was reared in school (if opportunities for schooling was ever available, primary to college education), and eventually released to live life independently as an adult in a society whose culture ever since was godless.And the cycle goes on and on like a permanent process. Now, again, as pointed out early in this paper, all of these not so promising state of affairs can be tracked down back to Eden where life turned into a sudden shift (McArthur, 2008). Where there is spiritual death, the prospect of life is anything but imperfect and flawed everywhere. The original order o f things has been altered, and it’s not human species alone that has been terribly affected by the Fall; the whole creation has been â€Å"groaning† ever since (Rom. 8:22). 2.) Man’s Separation From God Precipitated Suffering. The first manifestations of humanity’s misery were quickly evident right after Adam and Eve violated God’s word to them. They, right then and there, realized their nakedness which before was not a cause of shame for them. What previously for them was just normal, and did not pose a problem, now they have trouble keeping it the way it was. They must cover their nakedness, and they must hide and keep themselves at a distance – where they feel somehow hidden – from God (Gen. 3:7-9).The fact that society disregards the reality of God in its system highlights the reality of spiritual separation. The cause for many of the troubles that history has witnessed since time immemorial was man’s broken relationship wi th its Creator. It has been the reason from the start, and it still is until now. God spoke through Prophet Isaiah, that it was man’s sin which has actually separated man from God (Isa. 59:2). Left alone, man naturally would not choose God, much less, His righteous ways as revealed by Him in the Bible.Contrary to what have been suggested by many considered pundits of humanities, and sadly, by many church denominations through what has been now known as the â€Å"seeker-sensitive† approach in church’s services, man is not naturally inclined to seek God and the things of the Spirit of God. And so, under this cursed condition, it is not supposed to surprise anybody who have searched and found in the Holy Scriptures that the world is in its current troubled state. There’s actually spiritual anarchy where every one is a rule unto himself. Every one does what he/she deems good in his/her perception of things.If it feels good, then probably, it is good. This is how man is running his life, and it translates into the overall landscape of society. Man sets the trend. What had been considered â€Å"wicked† of the past generation, if it is now palatable to the senses, and hence, has been slowly swallowed and embraced as â€Å"acceptable† by the media and the general public, it becomes legal and normatively harmless. Therefore, in Paul’s words, God in turn has abandoned man in his choice of abandoning the knowledge of his Creator. This is, to a large degree, the reason for many troubles and sufferings that nations and people have been seeing.If the Bible is true – and it is this paper’s contention that it is the true truth – then the unrestrained freedom and lifestyles which seem to describe the earth’s populace for a long period of time now, is actually a judgment of God. A preacher once answered those who cast all the blame on God in the wake of 911 tragedy in these words: â€Å"We have done a ll we could, and effectively, we got God out of our schools and government institutions, and now we are asking where He is in all of these? † The application of Scripture to human dilemma and the likeThe portion of Scripture where Jesus â€Å"You have heard that it was said to those of old,† making it appear that his statements seem to abrogate the laws in the Old Testament replacing them with his â€Å"new more authoritative† teachings is a misinterpretation and misunderstanding of Jesus’ true intentions. Jesus was actually bringing back the true message of the Old Testament Law which was made vague by mere traditions of men and their own hazy and humanistic understanding. The Lord was pointing out to His audience the glosses that were made on Mosaic laws which made the ancient commands with minimal effectivity or worse, no efficacy.Jesus’ example and the Pharisees’ are insights that can be gleaned with emphasis on the application of princip les of the Scriptures. A Christian easily becomes a legalist when his/her understanding of the Scriptures, like the Pharisees, is not based on the Scriptures’ intended application. There is only the possibility of communicating the proper boundaries within the set limits of the Scriptures when a Christian has grasped its clear and full implications (Clarke, 2001, Power Bible CD).In the New Testament especially in the celebrated Sermon on the Mount (Matt. 5-7), Jesus usually referred to Himself as the authority. His declarations were not prefaced with â€Å"Thus says the Lord. † To His disciples, He says â€Å"You have heard that it was said to those of old. . . but I say to you. . . .† This clearly points to the authority on Jesus. This does not mean though that Jesus was subverting the authority of God, for He Himself was God in the flesh (Jn. 1:1-3,14); He was the second Person of the Trinity manifested in the flesh.One of the things that He was pointing out a mong others was the fact that the Pharisees of His day were in grave error following the traditions of their elders, and in this particular case, in their interpretation of many scriptures. Hence, He said, â€Å"You have heard it was said. . . but now I say to you. . . .† The apostles after Him followed suit. In all of their letters they derived authority from the words of Jesus. Their letters, to put it simply, were just elaborations of Christ’s teachings (Riggs, 2nd Ed. ) ConclusionEmbracing a more Biblical approach, becoming less philosophical and laden with such themes as the absoluteness of God’s sovereignty, the world’s being under God’s righteous judgment, God’s initiative in revealing Himself and His redemptive plan in Jesus Christ, are the essential â€Å"tools† that a Biblical counselor must possess in order to present the true condition of men and persuade him/her to change. The following characteristics then must be inculc ated in a Biblical counselor 1. ) Lofty View of Holy Scriptures.This is to uphold the conviction of the reformers about the Word of God and endeavor to clarify any theological subjects in the light of the revelation that is in the Bible. Like many effective pastors or counselors, the Bible alone is authoritative for life in general. It is the rule of faith for Christians, like a solid and strong immovable post in a pier where the anchor of the ship is fastened securely. The Word of God is the object of the Christians’ faith. It’s not of course a matter of God versus His Word. The entire Holy Scriptures derived its authority from God.But since it was God who spoke them, Scriptures therefore are without question normative and authoritative. The Scriptures are the touchstone on which all so-called traditions, existential experiences, and reasonings must be tested. When any of these are found contrary to God’s revealed will in the Scriptures, they can be discarded w ithout any scruple for the true church of Christ. According to Barth (McCormack, 1995), to interpret and apply the Bible properly, one must observe certain basic rules. And one of the basics is that the interpreter must subject himself/herself to the authority of the Bible.What is the central theme of the passage? What is its subject matter? The reader then has to subordinate his thoughts and his personal convictions to the revelation that God has provided for us in His Word – the Bible. In fact, the ultimate goal of the counselor is to develop and establish the â€Å"counselee† for a dependence on God’s word. The reader’s humble subjection of self to the wisdom of the Scriptures was his exercise of freedom. The result of this continual subordination is transformation. The interpreter is being transformed in the process of grasping what God has revealed.2. ) Dynamic Application of Biblical Truths. To be reverent and true to Biblical revelation, one needs not to confine himself to the lingo of the ancient cultures through which the Biblical narratives and the actual words of the prophets were written. The reader and interpreter can speak the ideas conveyed through ancient cultures in contemporary ways. It’s not insubordination to teach the Bible thus. In fact, it’s the whole point of hermeneutics – to bridge the wide cultural gap. To be unimaginative in one’s handling of the Scriptures is tantamount to parroting mere words.There has to be fresh application if there will be change. Lack of imagination is sometimes proof of not being influenced or shaped by the ideas read. Readers have to engage and interact mentally with the passages of the Bible so that a fruitful meditation would express itself in lively and engaging discourse. 3. ) Christocentric (Christ-Centered). Jesus Christ is the primary theme of the whole Scriptures. It has been mentioned above that to Barth’s high view of the Bible, it was necessary for the interpreter to subordinate him/herself to particular text’s subject.And since, Jesus Christ is the central theme of the Bible, it is necessary to interpret Biblical passages in the light of His person. Jesus Christ is the unifying subject in all of the books of the Bible. But looking at Luke 24:27-45, and realizing that it was Jesus Himself who first advocated this methodology, it thus comes as a necessity to find the Christ in every passage of Biblical books; or at the least, sense a foreshadowing (in the Old Testament) of His coming redemptive sacrifice. Jesus alone can give unity among scriptural texts. 4. ) Passage-Based Interpretation.Karl Barth (McCormack, 1995) believes that although interpreters often bring with them their presuppositions as they approach the text, the mistake of using the Biblical text as vehicle to transmit one’s belief, can be avoided through the interpreter’s direct encounter with the objective truth as found in the biblical passage. The real meaning or intention of the author of the text is objectively separated from the interpreter. And so, to properly apply exegetical work on the passage, a serious examination of historical background, and serious study of the text’s linguistic composition must be considered thoroughly.5. ) Bound By True Church’s Essential and Classic Teachings. Like Apostle Paul, a counselor then must also believe that s/he is just a recipient of essential Christian teachings (1 Cor. 11:23-26). It would be sinful for him/her to doubt nor innovate on established biblical truths. Reference: Atkinson, R. L. , R. C. Atkinson, E. E Smith, D. J. Bem, and S. Nolen-Hoeksema (2000). Introduction to Psychology. 13th Ed. New York: Harcourt College Publishers. Clarke, Adam (2001). Commentary to Matthew. Power Bible CD. Corey, Gerald (2004).Theory and practice of counseling and psychotherapy. Thomson Learning, USA. Corey, Gerald (200). The Art of Integrative Counseling. A rticle 29: â€Å"Designing an Integrative Approach to Counseling Practice† Retrieved February 20, 2009 in < http://counselingoutfitters. com/vistas/vistas04/29. pdf> Crabb, Larry (2000). Found in Anderson et al resource. Christ-centered therapy. http://books. google. com/books? id=Rn- f2zL01ZwC&pg=PA11&lpg=PA11&dq=effective+biblical+counseling+by+larry+crabb +critique&source=web&ots=WFVYLIqP1n&sig=MqIhqE_XfGzIQODAKV5iMPjqz14# PPA19,M1Davison, Gerald C. and John M. Neale (2001). Abnormal Psychology. Eighth ed. John & Wiley Sons, Inc. Ellis, Albert (2001. Overcoming Destructive Beliefs, Feelings, and Behaviors: New Directions for Rational E)motive Behavior Therapy. Prometheus Books Kaplan, HI, BJ Saddock and JA Grebb (1994). Kaplan and Saddock’s Synopsis of Psychiatry: Behavioral Sciences clinical psychiatry. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins. MacArthur, John (2008). Abandoned By God. Date Accessed: February 19, 2009. http://www. gty. org/Resources/Transcripts/45-14 McCorm ack, Bruce L. (1995).Karl Barth’s Critically Realistic Dialectical Theology. Published by Oxford University Press Inc. , New York. Pokrifka-Joe, Todd (2002). Appropriating Karl Barth's Theological Use of Scripture in Contemporary Theology. Proposed Doctoral Thesis in Theology at the University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK. Date Accessed: February 17, 2009 at http://www. luthersem. edu/ctrf/Papers/2001_Pokrifka-Joe. htm Riggs, Ralph. The Life of Christ. 2nd ed. Scripture Quotations from New King James Bible (The Holy Bible, New King James Version. 1982). Thomas Nelson, Inc.